OTSBufferingJTS.java
package org.opentrafficsim.core.geometry;
import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.opentrafficsim.core.network.NetworkException;
import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Coordinate;
import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Geometry;
import com.vividsolutions.jts.linearref.LengthIndexedLine;
import com.vividsolutions.jts.operation.buffer.BufferParameters;
/**
* <p>
* Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5, 2600 AA, Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. <br>
* BSD-style license. See <a href="http://opentrafficsim.org/docs/license.html">OpenTrafficSim License</a>.
* <p>
* $LastChangedDate: 2015-07-16 10:20:53 +0200 (Thu, 16 Jul 2015) $, @version $Revision: 1124 $, by $Author: pknoppers $,
* initial version Jul 22, 2015 <br>
* @author <a href="http://www.tbm.tudelft.nl/averbraeck">Alexander Verbraeck</a>
* @author <a href="http://www.tudelft.nl/pknoppers">Peter Knoppers</a>
*/
public final class OTSBufferingJTS
{
/** Precision of buffer operations. */
private static final int QUADRANTSEGMENTS = 16;
/**
*
*/
private OTSBufferingJTS()
{
// cannot be instantiated.
}
/**
* normalize an angle between 0 and 2 * PI.
* @param angle original angle.
* @return angle between 0 and 2 * PI.
*/
private static double norm(final double angle)
{
double normalized = angle % (2 * Math.PI);
if (normalized < 0.0)
{
normalized += 2 * Math.PI;
}
return normalized;
}
/**
* @param c1 first coordinate
* @param c2 second coordinate
* @return the normalized angle of the line between c1 and c2
*/
private static double angle(final Coordinate c1, final Coordinate c2)
{
return norm(Math.atan2(c2.y - c1.y, c2.x - c1.x));
}
/**
* Compute the distance of a line segment to a point. If the the projected points lies outside the line segment, the nearest
* end point of the line segment is returned. Otherwise the point return lies between the end points of the line segment. <br>
* Adapted from <a href="http://paulbourke.net/geometry/pointlineplane/DistancePoint.java"> example code provided by Paul
* Bourke</a>.
* @param lineP1 OTSPoint3D; start of line segment
* @param lineP2 OTSPoint3D; end of line segment
* @param point Point to project onto the line segment
* @return double; the distance of the projected point or one of the end points of the line segment to the point
*/
public static double distanceLineSegmentToPoint(final OTSPoint3D lineP1, final OTSPoint3D lineP2, final OTSPoint3D point)
{
return closestPointOnSegmentToPoint(lineP1, lineP2, point).distanceSI(point);
}
/**
* Project a point on a line (2D). If the the projected points lies outside the line segment, the nearest end point of the
* line segment is returned. Otherwise the point return lies between the end points of the line segment. <br>
* Adapted from <a href="http://paulbourke.net/geometry/pointlineplane/DistancePoint.java"> example code provided by Paul
* Bourke</a>.
* @param lineP1 OTSPoint3D; start of line segment
* @param lineP2 OTSPoint3D; end of line segment
* @param point Point to project onto the line segment
* @return Point2D.Double; either <cite>lineP1</cite>, or <cite>lineP2</cite> or a new OTSPoint3D that lies somewhere in
* between those two
*/
public static OTSPoint3D closestPointOnSegmentToPoint(final OTSPoint3D lineP1, final OTSPoint3D lineP2,
final OTSPoint3D point)
{
double dX = lineP2.x - lineP1.x;
double dY = lineP2.y - lineP1.y;
if ((0 == dX) && (0 == dY))
{
return lineP1;
}
final double u = ((point.x - lineP1.x) * dX + (point.y - lineP1.y) * dY) / (dX * dX + dY * dY);
if (u < 0)
{
return lineP1;
}
else if (u > 1)
{
return lineP2;
}
else
{
return new OTSPoint3D(lineP1.x + u * dX, lineP1.y + u * dY); // could use interpolate in stead
}
}
/**
* Construct parallel line without.
* @param referenceLine OTSLine3D; the reference line
* @param offset double; offset distance from the reference line; positive is LEFT, negative is RIGHT
* @return OTSLine3D; the line that has the specified offset from the reference line
*/
public static OTSLine3D offsetLine(final OTSLine3D referenceLine, final double offset)
{
try
{
double bufferOffset = Math.abs(offset);
final double precision = 0.00001;
if (bufferOffset < precision)
{
return referenceLine; // It is immutable; so we can safely return the original
}
final double circlePrecision = 0.001;
List<OTSPoint3D> points = new ArrayList<>();
// Make good use of the fact that an OTSLine3D cannot have consecutive duplicate points and has > 1 points
OTSPoint3D prevPoint = referenceLine.get(0);
Double prevAngle = null;
for (int index = 0; index < referenceLine.size() - 1; index++)
{
OTSPoint3D nextPoint = referenceLine.get(index + 1);
double angle = Math.atan2(nextPoint.y - prevPoint.y, nextPoint.x - prevPoint.x);
OTSPoint3D segmentFrom =
new OTSPoint3D(prevPoint.x - Math.sin(angle) * offset, prevPoint.y + Math.cos(angle) * offset);
OTSPoint3D segmentTo =
new OTSPoint3D(nextPoint.x - Math.sin(angle) * offset, nextPoint.y + Math.cos(angle) * offset);
if (index > 0)
{
double deltaAngle = angle - prevAngle;
if (Math.abs(deltaAngle) > Math.PI)
{
deltaAngle -= Math.signum(deltaAngle) * 2 * Math.PI;
}
if (deltaAngle * offset > 0)
{
// Inside of curve of reference line.
// Add the intersection point of each previous segment and the next segment
OTSPoint3D pPoint = null;
for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++)
{
OTSPoint3D p = points.get(i);
if (Double.isNaN(p.z))
{
continue; // skip this one
}
if (null != pPoint)
{
double pAngle = Math.atan2(p.y - pPoint.y, p.x - pPoint.x);
double totalAngle = angle - pAngle;
if (Math.abs(totalAngle) > Math.PI)
{
totalAngle += Math.signum(totalAngle) * 2 * Math.PI;
}
if (Math.abs(totalAngle) > 0.01)
{
// System.out.println("preceding segment " + pPoint + " to " + p + ", this segment "
// + segmentFrom + " to " + segmentTo + " totalAngle " + totalAngle);
OTSPoint3D intermediatePoint =
intersectionOfLineSegments(pPoint, p, segmentFrom, segmentTo);
if (null != intermediatePoint)
{
// mark it as added point at inside corner
intermediatePoint =
new OTSPoint3D(intermediatePoint.x, intermediatePoint.y, Double.NaN);
// System.out.println("Inserting intersection of preceding segment and this segment "
// + intermediatePoint);
points.add(intermediatePoint);
}
}
}
pPoint = p;
}
}
else
{
// Outside of curve of reference line
// Approximate an arc using straight segments.
// Determine how many segments are needed.
int numSegments = 1;
if (Math.abs(deltaAngle) > Math.PI / 2)
{
numSegments = 2;
}
for (; numSegments < 1000; numSegments *= 2)
{
double maxError = bufferOffset * (1 - Math.abs(Math.cos(deltaAngle / numSegments / 2)));
if (maxError < circlePrecision)
{
break; // required precision reached
}
}
// Generate the intermediate points
for (int additionalPoint = 1; additionalPoint < numSegments; additionalPoint++)
{
double intermediateAngle =
(additionalPoint * angle + (numSegments - additionalPoint) * prevAngle) / numSegments;
if (prevAngle * angle < 0 && Math.abs(prevAngle) > Math.PI / 2 && Math.abs(angle) > Math.PI / 2)
{
intermediateAngle += Math.PI;
}
OTSPoint3D intermediatePoint =
new OTSPoint3D(prevPoint.x - Math.sin(intermediateAngle) * offset, prevPoint.y
+ Math.cos(intermediateAngle) * offset);
// System.out.println("inserting intermediate point " + intermediatePoint + " for angle "
// + Math.toDegrees(intermediateAngle));
points.add(intermediatePoint);
}
}
}
points.add(segmentFrom);
points.add(segmentTo);
prevPoint = nextPoint;
prevAngle = angle;
}
// System.out.println(OTSGeometry.printCoordinates("#before cleanup: \nc0,0,0\n#", new OTSLine3D(points), "\n "));
// Remove points that are closer than the specified offset
for (int index = 1; index < points.size() - 1; index++)
{
OTSPoint3D checkPoint = points.get(index);
prevPoint = null;
boolean tooClose = false;
boolean somewhereAtCorrectDistance = false;
for (int i = 0; i < referenceLine.size(); i++)
{
OTSPoint3D p = referenceLine.get(i);
if (null != prevPoint)
{
OTSPoint3D closestPoint = closestPointOnSegmentToPoint(prevPoint, p, checkPoint);
if (closestPoint != referenceLine.get(0) && closestPoint != referenceLine.get(referenceLine.size() - 1))
{
double distance = closestPoint.horizontalDistanceSI(checkPoint);
if (distance < bufferOffset - circlePrecision)
{
// System.out.print("point " + checkPoint + " inside buffer (distance is " + distance + ")");
tooClose = true;
break;
}
else if (distance < bufferOffset + precision)
{
somewhereAtCorrectDistance = true;
}
}
}
prevPoint = p;
}
if (tooClose || !somewhereAtCorrectDistance)
{
// System.out.println("Removing " + checkPoint);
points.remove(index);
index--;
}
}
// Fix the z-coordinate of all points that were added as intersections of segments.
for (int index = 0; index < points.size(); index++)
{
OTSPoint3D p = points.get(index);
if (Double.isNaN(p.z))
{
points.set(index, new OTSPoint3D(p.x, p.y, 0));
}
}
return OTSLine3D.createAndCleanOTSLine3D(points);
}
catch (OTSGeometryException exception)
{
System.err.println("Cannot happen");
exception.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* Compute the 2D intersection of two line segments. Both line segments are defined by two points (that should be distinct).
* @param line1P1 OTSPoint3D; first point of line 1
* @param line1P2 OTSPoint3D; second point of line 1
* @param line2P1 OTSPoint3D; first point of line 2
* @param line2P2 OTSPoint3D; second point of line 2
* @return OTSPoint3D; the intersection of the two lines, or null if the lines are (almost) parallel, or do not intersect
*/
private static OTSPoint3D intersectionOfLineSegments(final OTSPoint3D line1P1, final OTSPoint3D line1P2,
final OTSPoint3D line2P1, final OTSPoint3D line2P2)
{
double denominator =
(line2P2.y - line2P1.y) * (line1P2.x - line1P1.x) - (line2P2.x - line2P1.x) * (line1P2.y - line1P1.y);
if (denominator == 0f)
{
return null; // lines are parallel (they might even be on top of each other, but we don't check that)
}
double uA =
((line2P2.x - line2P1.x) * (line1P1.y - line2P1.y) - (line2P2.y - line2P1.y) * (line1P1.x - line2P1.x))
/ denominator;
if ((uA < 0f) || (uA > 1f))
{
return null; // intersection outside line 1
}
double uB =
((line1P2.x - line1P1.x) * (line1P1.y - line2P1.y) - (line1P2.y - line1P1.y) * (line1P1.x - line2P1.x))
/ denominator;
if (uB < 0 || uB > 1)
{
return null; // intersection outside line 2
}
return new OTSPoint3D(line1P1.x + uA * (line1P2.x - line1P1.x), line1P1.y + uA * (line1P2.y - line1P1.y), 0);
}
/**
* Generate a Geometry that has a fixed offset from a reference Geometry.
* @param referenceLine Geometry; the reference line
* @param offset double; offset distance from the reference line; positive is LEFT, negative is RIGHT
* @return OTSLine3D; the line that has the specified offset from the reference line
* @throws OTSGeometryException on failure
*/
@SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:methodlength")
public static OTSLine3D offsetGeometryOLD(final OTSLine3D referenceLine, final double offset) throws OTSGeometryException
{
Coordinate[] referenceCoordinates = referenceLine.getCoordinates();
// printCoordinates("reference", referenceCoordinates);
double bufferOffset = Math.abs(offset);
final double precision = 0.000001;
if (bufferOffset < precision) // if this is not added, and offset = 1E-16: CRASH
{
// return a copy of the reference line
return new OTSLine3D(referenceCoordinates);
}
Geometry geometryLine = referenceLine.getLineString();
Coordinate[] bufferCoordinates =
geometryLine.buffer(bufferOffset, QUADRANTSEGMENTS, BufferParameters.CAP_FLAT).getCoordinates();
// Z coordinates may be NaN at this point
// find the coordinate indices closest to the start point and end point,
// at a distance of approximately the offset
Coordinate sC0 = referenceCoordinates[0];
Coordinate sC1 = referenceCoordinates[1];
Coordinate eCm1 = referenceCoordinates[referenceCoordinates.length - 1];
Coordinate eCm2 = referenceCoordinates[referenceCoordinates.length - 2];
double expectedStartAngle = norm(angle(sC0, sC1) + Math.signum(offset) * Math.PI / 2.0);
double expectedEndAngle = norm(angle(eCm2, eCm1) + Math.signum(offset) * Math.PI / 2.0);
Coordinate sExpected =
new Coordinate(sC0.x + bufferOffset * Math.cos(expectedStartAngle), sC0.y + bufferOffset
* Math.sin(expectedStartAngle));
Coordinate eExpected =
new Coordinate(eCm1.x + bufferOffset * Math.cos(expectedEndAngle), eCm1.y + bufferOffset
* Math.sin(expectedEndAngle));
// which coordinates are closest to sExpected and eExpected?
double dS = Double.MAX_VALUE;
double dE = Double.MAX_VALUE;
int sIndex = -1;
int eIndex = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < bufferCoordinates.length; i++)
{
Coordinate c = bufferCoordinates[i];
double dsc = c.distance(sExpected);
double dec = c.distance(eExpected);
if (dsc < dS)
{
dS = dsc;
sIndex = i;
}
if (dec < dE)
{
dE = dec;
eIndex = i;
}
}
if (sIndex == -1)
{
throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: startIndex not found for line " + referenceLine);
}
if (eIndex == -1)
{
throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: endIndex not found for line " + referenceLine);
}
if (dS > 0.01)
{
System.err.println(referenceLine.toExcel() + "\n\n\n\n" + new OTSLine3D(bufferCoordinates).toExcel() + "\n\n\n\n"
+ sExpected + "\n" + eExpected);
throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: startDistance too big (" + dS + ") for line " + referenceLine);
}
if (dE > 0.01)
{
throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: endDistance too big (" + dE + ") for line " + referenceLine);
}
// try positive direction
boolean ok = true;
int i = sIndex;
Coordinate lastC = null;
List<OTSPoint3D> result = new ArrayList<>();
while (ok)
{
Coordinate c = bufferCoordinates[i];
if (lastC != null && close(c, lastC, sC0, eCm1))
{
ok = false;
break;
}
result.add(new OTSPoint3D(c));
if (i == eIndex)
{
return OTSLine3D.createAndCleanOTSLine3D(result);
}
i = (i == bufferCoordinates.length - 1) ? 0 : i + 1;
lastC = c;
}
// try negative direction
ok = true;
i = sIndex;
lastC = null;
result = new ArrayList<>();
while (ok)
{
Coordinate c = bufferCoordinates[i];
if (lastC != null && close(c, lastC, sC0, eCm1))
{
ok = false;
break;
}
result.add(new OTSPoint3D(c));
if (i == eIndex)
{
return OTSLine3D.createAndCleanOTSLine3D(result);
}
i = (i == 0) ? bufferCoordinates.length - 1 : i - 1;
lastC = c;
}
/*- System.err.println(referenceLine.toExcel() + "\n\n\n\n" + new OTSLine3D(bufferCoordinates).toExcel()
+ "\n\n\n\n" + sExpected + "\n" + eExpected); */
throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: could not find offset in either direction for line " + referenceLine);
}
/**
* Check if the points check[] are close to the line [lineC1..LineC2].
* @param lineC1 first point of the line
* @param lineC2 second point of the line
* @param check the coordinates to check
* @return whether one of the points to check is close to the line.
*/
private static boolean close(final Coordinate lineC1, final Coordinate lineC2, final Coordinate... check)
{
Line2D.Double line = new Line2D.Double(lineC1.x, lineC1.y, lineC2.x, lineC2.y);
for (Coordinate c : check)
{
if (line.ptSegDist(c.x, c.y) < 0.01)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Create a line at linearly varying offset from a reference line. The offset may change linearly from its initial value at
* the start of the reference line to its final offset value at the end of the reference line.
* @param referenceLine Geometry; the Geometry of the reference line
* @param offsetAtStart double; offset at the start of the reference line (positive value is Left, negative value is Right)
* @param offsetAtEnd double; offset at the end of the reference line (positive value is Left, negative value is Right)
* @return Geometry; the Geometry of the line at linearly changing offset of the reference line
* @throws OTSGeometryException when this method fails to create the offset line
*/
public static OTSLine3D offsetLine(final OTSLine3D referenceLine, final double offsetAtStart, final double offsetAtEnd)
throws OTSGeometryException
{
// System.out.println(OTSGeometry.printCoordinates("#referenceLine: \nc1,0,0\n# offset at start is " + offsetAtStart
// + " at end is " + offsetAtEnd + "\n#", referenceLine, "\n "));
OTSLine3D offsetLineAtStart = offsetLine(referenceLine, offsetAtStart);
if (offsetAtStart == offsetAtEnd)
{
return offsetLineAtStart; // offset does not change
}
// System.out.println(OTSGeometry.printCoordinates("#offset line at start: \nc0,0,0\n#", offsetLineAtStart, "\n "));
OTSLine3D offsetLineAtEnd = offsetLine(referenceLine, offsetAtEnd);
// System.out.println(OTSGeometry.printCoordinates("#offset line at end: \nc0.7,0.7,0.7\n#", offsetLineAtEnd, "\n "));
Geometry startGeometry = offsetLineAtStart.getLineString();
Geometry endGeometry = offsetLineAtEnd.getLineString();
LengthIndexedLine first = new LengthIndexedLine(startGeometry);
double firstLength = startGeometry.getLength();
LengthIndexedLine second = new LengthIndexedLine(endGeometry);
double secondLength = endGeometry.getLength();
ArrayList<Coordinate> out = new ArrayList<Coordinate>();
Coordinate[] firstCoordinates = startGeometry.getCoordinates();
Coordinate[] secondCoordinates = endGeometry.getCoordinates();
int firstIndex = 0;
int secondIndex = 0;
Coordinate prevCoordinate = null;
final double tooClose = 0.05; // 5 cm
while (firstIndex < firstCoordinates.length && secondIndex < secondCoordinates.length)
{
double firstRatio =
firstIndex < firstCoordinates.length ? first.indexOf(firstCoordinates[firstIndex]) / firstLength
: Double.MAX_VALUE;
double secondRatio =
secondIndex < secondCoordinates.length ? second.indexOf(secondCoordinates[secondIndex]) / secondLength
: Double.MAX_VALUE;
double ratio;
if (firstRatio < secondRatio)
{
ratio = firstRatio;
firstIndex++;
}
else
{
ratio = secondRatio;
secondIndex++;
}
Coordinate firstCoordinate = first.extractPoint(ratio * firstLength);
Coordinate secondCoordinate = second.extractPoint(ratio * secondLength);
Coordinate resultCoordinate =
new Coordinate((1 - ratio) * firstCoordinate.x + ratio * secondCoordinate.x, (1 - ratio)
* firstCoordinate.y + ratio * secondCoordinate.y);
if (null == prevCoordinate || resultCoordinate.distance(prevCoordinate) > tooClose)
{
out.add(resultCoordinate);
prevCoordinate = resultCoordinate;
}
}
Coordinate[] resultCoordinates = new Coordinate[out.size()];
for (int index = 0; index < out.size(); index++)
{
resultCoordinates[index] = out.get(index);
}
return new OTSLine3D(resultCoordinates);
}
/**
* @param args args
* @throws NetworkException on error
* @throws OTSGeometryException on error
*/
public static void main(final String[] args) throws NetworkException, OTSGeometryException
{
// OTSLine3D line =
// new OTSLine3D(new OTSPoint3D[]{new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.157, 1.568),
// new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.177, 1.568)});
// double offset = 4.83899987;
// System.out.println(OTSBufferingOLD.offsetGeometryOLD(line, offset));
OTSLine3D line =
new OTSLine3D(new OTSPoint3D[] { new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.157, 4.710),
new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.144, 4.712), new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.144, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-579.251, 60.044, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.246, 59.944, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-579.236, 59.845, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.223, 59.746, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-579.206, 59.647, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.185, 59.549, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-579.161, 59.452, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.133, 59.356, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-579.101, 59.261, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.066, 59.168, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-579.028, 59.075, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.986, 58.985, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-578.940, 58.896, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.891, 58.809, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-578.839, 58.723, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.784, 58.640, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-578.725, 58.559, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.664, 58.480, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-578.599, 58.403, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.532, 58.329, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-578.462, 58.258, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.390, 58.189, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-578.314, 58.123, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.237, 58.060, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-578.157, 58.000, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.075, 57.943, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-577.990, 57.889, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.904, 57.839, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-577.816, 57.791, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.726, 57.747, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-577.635, 57.707, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.542, 57.670, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-577.448, 57.636, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.352, 57.606, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-577.256, 57.580, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.159, 57.557, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-577.060, 57.538, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-576.962, 57.523, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-576.862, 57.512, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-576.763, 57.504, 0.000),
new OTSPoint3D(-576.663, 57.500, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-576.623, 57.500, 6.278),
new OTSPoint3D(-576.610, 57.500, 6.280), new OTSPoint3D(-567.499, 57.473, 6.280) });
System.out.println(line.toExcel());
System.out.println(OTSBufferingJTS.offsetGeometryOLD(line, -1.831));
}
}