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1   package org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu;
2   
3   import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
4   import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
5   import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
6   import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
7   import static org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.RoadGTUTypes.CAR;
8   import static org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.RoadGTUTypes.TRUCK;
9   
10  import java.util.ArrayList;
11  import java.util.Collection;
12  import java.util.HashSet;
13  import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
14  import java.util.Set;
15  
16  import org.djunits.unit.UNITS;
17  import org.djunits.value.vdouble.scalar.Acceleration;
18  import org.djunits.value.vdouble.scalar.Duration;
19  import org.djunits.value.vdouble.scalar.Length;
20  import org.djunits.value.vdouble.scalar.Speed;
21  import org.djunits.value.vdouble.scalar.Time;
22  import org.junit.Test;
23  import org.opentrafficsim.core.dsol.OTSModelInterface;
24  import org.opentrafficsim.core.dsol.OTSSimTimeDouble;
25  import org.opentrafficsim.core.geometry.OTSPoint3D;
26  import org.opentrafficsim.core.gtu.GTUDirectionality;
27  import org.opentrafficsim.core.gtu.GTUException;
28  import org.opentrafficsim.core.gtu.GTUType;
29  import org.opentrafficsim.core.gtu.behavioralcharacteristics.BehavioralCharacteristics;
30  import org.opentrafficsim.core.gtu.behavioralcharacteristics.ParameterTypes;
31  import org.opentrafficsim.core.idgenerator.IdGenerator;
32  import org.opentrafficsim.core.network.LongitudinalDirectionality;
33  import org.opentrafficsim.core.network.OTSNetwork;
34  import org.opentrafficsim.core.network.OTSNode;
35  import org.opentrafficsim.road.DefaultTestParameters;
36  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.LaneBasedIndividualGTU;
37  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.perception.categories.DefaultSimplePerception;
38  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.perception.headway.Headway;
39  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.tactical.LaneBasedCFLCTacticalPlanner;
40  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.tactical.following.FixedAccelerationModel;
41  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.tactical.following.GTUFollowingModelOld;
42  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.tactical.following.IDMPlusOld;
43  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.tactical.lanechangemobil.FixedLaneChangeModel;
44  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.lane.tactical.lanechangemobil.LaneChangeModel;
45  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.strategical.LaneBasedStrategicalPlanner;
46  import org.opentrafficsim.road.gtu.strategical.route.LaneBasedStrategicalRoutePlanner;
47  import org.opentrafficsim.road.network.factory.LaneFactory;
48  import org.opentrafficsim.road.network.lane.CrossSectionElement;
49  import org.opentrafficsim.road.network.lane.CrossSectionLink;
50  import org.opentrafficsim.road.network.lane.DirectedLanePosition;
51  import org.opentrafficsim.road.network.lane.Lane;
52  import org.opentrafficsim.road.network.lane.LaneType;
53  import org.opentrafficsim.simulationengine.SimpleSimulator;
54  
55  import nl.tudelft.simulation.dsol.SimRuntimeException;
56  import nl.tudelft.simulation.dsol.simulators.SimulatorInterface;
57  
58  /**
59   * Test the LaneBasedGTU class.
60   * <p>
61   * Copyright (c) 2013-2016 Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5, 2600 AA, Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. <br>
62   * BSD-style license. See <a href="http://opentrafficsim.org/docs/license.html">OpenTrafficSim License</a>.
63   * <p>
64   * $LastChangedDate: 2015-09-14 01:33:02 +0200 (Mon, 14 Sep 2015) $, @version $Revision: 1401 $, by $Author: averbraeck $,
65   * initial version 27 jan. 2015 <br>
66   * @author <a href="http://www.tbm.tudelft.nl/averbraeck">Alexander Verbraeck</a>
67   * @author <a href="http://www.tudelft.nl/pknoppers">Peter Knoppers</a>
68   */
69  public class LaneBasedGTUTest implements UNITS
70  {
71      /** The network. */
72      private OTSNetwork network = new OTSNetwork("leader follower parallel gtu test network");
73  
74      /** Id generator. */
75      private IdGenerator idGenerator = new IdGenerator("id");
76  
77      /**
78       * Test if a Truck covering a specified range of lanes can <i>see</i> a Car covering a specified range of lanes. <br>
79       * The network is a linear array of Nodes connected by 5-Lane Links. In the middle, the Nodes are very closely spaced. A
80       * truck is positioned over those center Nodes ensuring it covers several of the short Lanes in succession.
81       * @param truckFromLane int; lowest rank of lane range of the truck
82       * @param truckUpToLane int; highest rank of lane range of the truck
83       * @param carLanesCovered int; number of lanes that the car covers
84       * @throws Exception when something goes wrong (should not happen)
85       */
86      private void leaderFollowerParallel(int truckFromLane, int truckUpToLane, int carLanesCovered) throws Exception
87      {
88          // Perform a few sanity checks
89          if (carLanesCovered < 1)
90          {
91              fail("carLanesCovered must be >= 1 (got " + carLanesCovered + ")");
92          }
93          if (truckUpToLane < truckFromLane)
94          {
95              fail("truckUpToLane must be >= truckFromLane");
96          }
97          OTSModelInterface model = new Model();
98          SimpleSimulator simulator =
99                  new SimpleSimulator(new Time(0.0, SECOND), new Duration(0.0, SECOND), new Duration(3600.0, SECOND), model);
100         GTUType carType = CAR;
101         GTUType truckType = TRUCK;
102         Set<GTUType> compatibility = new HashSet<GTUType>();
103         compatibility.add(carType);
104         compatibility.add(truckType);
105         LaneType laneType = new LaneType("CarLane", compatibility);
106         // Create a series of Nodes (some closely bunched together)
107         ArrayList<OTSNode> nodes = new ArrayList<OTSNode>();
108         int[] linkBoundaries = { 0, 25, 50, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 150, 175, 200 };
109         for (int xPos : linkBoundaries)
110         {
111             nodes.add(new OTSNode(this.network, "Node at " + xPos, new OTSPoint3D(xPos, 20, 0)));
112         }
113         // Now we can build a series of Links with Lanes on them
114         ArrayList<CrossSectionLink> links = new ArrayList<CrossSectionLink>();
115         final int laneCount = 5;
116         for (int i = 1; i < nodes.size(); i++)
117         {
118             OTSNode fromNode = nodes.get(i - 1);
119             OTSNode toNode = nodes.get(i);
120             String linkName = fromNode.getId() + "-" + toNode.getId();
121             Lane[] lanes = LaneFactory.makeMultiLane(this.network, linkName, fromNode, toNode, null, laneCount, laneType,
122                     new Speed(100, KM_PER_HOUR), simulator, LongitudinalDirectionality.DIR_PLUS);
123             links.add(lanes[0].getParentLink());
124         }
125         // Create a long truck with its front (reference) one meter in the last link on the 3rd lane
126         Length truckPosition = new Length(99.5, METER);
127         Length truckLength = new Length(15, METER);
128 
129         Set<DirectedLanePosition> truckPositions =
130                 buildPositionsSet(truckPosition, truckLength, links, truckFromLane, truckUpToLane);
131         Speed truckSpeed = new Speed(0, KM_PER_HOUR);
132         Length truckWidth = new Length(2.5, METER);
133         LaneChangeModel laneChangeModel = new FixedLaneChangeModel(null);
134         Speed maximumSpeed = new Speed(120, KM_PER_HOUR);
135         GTUFollowingModelOld gtuFollowingModel = new IDMPlusOld();
136         BehavioralCharacteristics behavioralCharacteristics = DefaultTestParameters.create();
137 
138         LaneBasedIndividualGTU truck =
139                 new LaneBasedIndividualGTU("Truck", truckType, truckLength, truckWidth, maximumSpeed, simulator, this.network);
140         LaneBasedStrategicalPlanner strategicalPlanner = new LaneBasedStrategicalRoutePlanner(behavioralCharacteristics,
141                 new LaneBasedCFLCTacticalPlanner(gtuFollowingModel, laneChangeModel, truck), truck);
142         truck.init(strategicalPlanner, truckPositions, truckSpeed);
143         // Verify that the truck is registered on the correct Lanes
144         int lanesChecked = 0;
145         int found = 0;
146         for (CrossSectionLink link : links)
147         {
148             for (CrossSectionElement cse : link.getCrossSectionElementList())
149             {
150                 if (cse instanceof Lane)
151                 {
152                     Lane lane = (Lane) cse;
153                     boolean truckPositionsOnLane = false;
154                     for (DirectedLanePosition pos : truckPositions)
155                     {
156                         if (pos.getLane().equals(lane))
157                         {
158                             truckPositionsOnLane = true;
159                         }
160                     }
161                     if (truckPositionsOnLane)
162                     {
163                         assertTrue("Truck should be registered on Lane " + lane, lane.getGtuList().contains(truck));
164                         found++;
165                     }
166                     else
167                     {
168                         assertFalse("Truck should NOT be registered on Lane " + lane, lane.getGtuList().contains(truck));
169                     }
170                     lanesChecked++;
171                 }
172             }
173         }
174         // Make sure we tested them all
175         assertEquals("lanesChecked should equals the number of Links times the number of lanes on each Link",
176                 laneCount * links.size(), lanesChecked);
177         assertEquals("Truck should be registered in " + truckPositions.size() + " lanes", truckPositions.size(), found);
178         Length forwardMaxDistance = truck.getBehavioralCharacteristics().getParameter(ParameterTypes.LOOKAHEAD);
179         // TODO see how we can ask the vehicle to look this far ahead
180         truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception().perceive();
181         Headway leader = truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception().getPerceptionCategory(DefaultSimplePerception.class)
182                 .getForwardHeadwayGTU();
183         assertTrue(
184                 "With one vehicle in the network forward headway should return a value larger than zero, and smaller than maxDistance",
185                 forwardMaxDistance.getSI() >= leader.getDistance().si && leader.getDistance().si > 0);
186         assertEquals("With one vehicle in the network forward headwayGTU should return null", null, leader.getId());
187         // TODO see how we can ask the vehicle to look this far behind
188         Length reverseMaxDistance = truck.getBehavioralCharacteristics().getParameter(ParameterTypes.LOOKBACKOLD);
189         Headway follower = truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception().getPerceptionCategory(DefaultSimplePerception.class)
190                 .getBackwardHeadway();
191         assertTrue(
192                 "With one vehicle in the network reverse headway should return a value less than zero, and smaller than |maxDistance|",
193                 Math.abs(reverseMaxDistance.getSI()) >= Math.abs(follower.getDistance().si) && follower.getDistance().si < 0);
194         assertEquals("With one vehicle in the network reverse headwayGTU should return null", null, follower.getId());
195         Length carLength = new Length(4, METER);
196         Length carWidth = new Length(1.8, METER);
197         Speed carSpeed = new Speed(0, KM_PER_HOUR);
198         int maxStep = linkBoundaries[linkBoundaries.length - 1];
199         for (int laneRank = 0; laneRank < laneCount + 1 - carLanesCovered; laneRank++)
200         {
201             for (int step = 0; step < maxStep; step += 5)
202             {
203                 if (laneRank >= truckFromLane && laneRank <= truckUpToLane
204                         && step >= truckPosition.getSI() - truckLength.getSI()
205                         && step - carLength.getSI() <= truckPosition.getSI())
206                 {
207                     continue; // Truck and car would overlap; the result of that placement is not defined :-)
208                 }
209                 Length carPosition = new Length(step, METER);
210                 Set<DirectedLanePosition> carPositions =
211                         buildPositionsSet(carPosition, carLength, links, laneRank, laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1);
212                 behavioralCharacteristics = DefaultTestParameters.create();
213 
214                 LaneBasedIndividualGTU car =
215                         new LaneBasedIndividualGTU("Car", carType, carLength, carWidth, maximumSpeed, simulator, this.network);
216                 strategicalPlanner = new LaneBasedStrategicalRoutePlanner(behavioralCharacteristics,
217                         new LaneBasedCFLCTacticalPlanner(gtuFollowingModel, laneChangeModel, car), car);
218                 car.init(strategicalPlanner, carPositions, carSpeed);
219                 // leader = truck.headway(forwardMaxDistance);
220                 // TODO see how we can ask the vehicle to look 'forwardMaxDistance' ahead
221                 leader = truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception().getPerceptionCategory(DefaultSimplePerception.class)
222                         .getForwardHeadwayGTU();
223                 double actualHeadway = leader.getDistance().si;
224                 double expectedHeadway = laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1 < truckFromLane || laneRank > truckUpToLane
225                         || step - truckPosition.getSI() - truckLength.getSI() <= 0 ? Double.MAX_VALUE
226                                 : step - truckLength.getSI() - truckPosition.getSI();
227                 // System.out.println("carLanesCovered " + laneRank + ".." + (laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1)
228                 // + " truckLanesCovered " + truckFromLane + ".." + truckUpToLane + " car pos " + step
229                 // + " laneRank " + laneRank + " expected headway " + expectedHeadway);
230                 // The next assert found a subtle bug (">" instead of ">=")
231                 assertEquals("Forward headway should return " + expectedHeadway, expectedHeadway, actualHeadway, 0.1);
232                 String leaderGtuId = leader.getId();
233                 if (expectedHeadway == Double.MAX_VALUE)
234                 {
235                     assertEquals("Leader id should be null", null, leaderGtuId);
236                 }
237                 else
238                 {
239                     assertEquals("Leader id should be the car id", car, leaderGtuId);
240                 }
241                 // TODO follower = truck.headway(reverseMaxDistance);
242                 follower = truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception().getPerceptionCategory(DefaultSimplePerception.class)
243                         .getBackwardHeadway();
244                 double actualReverseHeadway = follower.getDistance().si;
245                 double expectedReverseHeadway = laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1 < truckFromLane || laneRank > truckUpToLane
246                         || step + carLength.getSI() >= truckPosition.getSI() ? Double.MAX_VALUE
247                                 : truckPosition.getSI() - carLength.getSI() - step;
248                 assertEquals("Reverse headway should return " + expectedReverseHeadway, expectedReverseHeadway,
249                         actualReverseHeadway, 0.1);
250                 String followerGtuId = follower.getId();
251                 if (expectedReverseHeadway == Double.MAX_VALUE)
252                 {
253                     assertEquals("Follower id should be null", null, followerGtuId);
254                 }
255                 else
256                 {
257                     assertEquals("Follower id should be the car id", car.getId(), followerGtuId);
258                 }
259                 for (int laneIndex = 0; laneIndex < laneCount; laneIndex++)
260                 {
261                     Lane l = null;
262                     double cumulativeDistance = 0;
263                     for (CrossSectionLink csl : links)
264                     {
265                         cumulativeDistance += csl.getLength().getSI();
266                         if (cumulativeDistance >= truckPosition.getSI())
267                         {
268                             l = getNthLane(csl, laneIndex);
269                             break;
270                         }
271                     }
272                     leader = truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception().getPerceptionCategory(DefaultSimplePerception.class)
273                             .getForwardHeadwayGTU();
274                     actualHeadway = leader.getDistance().si;
275                     expectedHeadway = laneIndex < laneRank || laneIndex > laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1
276                             || step - truckLength.getSI() - truckPosition.getSI() <= 0 ? Double.MAX_VALUE
277                                     : step - truckLength.getSI() - truckPosition.getSI();
278                     assertEquals("Headway on lane " + laneIndex + " should be " + expectedHeadway, expectedHeadway,
279                             actualHeadway, 0.001);
280                     leaderGtuId = leader.getId();
281                     if (laneIndex >= laneRank && laneIndex <= laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1
282                             && step - truckLength.getSI() - truckPosition.getSI() > 0)
283                     {
284                         assertEquals("Leader id should be the car id", car.getId(), leaderGtuId);
285                     }
286                     else
287                     {
288                         assertEquals("Leader id should be null", null, leaderGtuId);
289                     }
290                     follower = truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception().getPerceptionCategory(DefaultSimplePerception.class)
291                             .getBackwardHeadway();
292                     actualReverseHeadway = follower.getDistance().si;
293                     expectedReverseHeadway = laneIndex < laneRank || laneIndex > laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1
294                             || step + carLength.getSI() >= truckPosition.getSI() ? Double.MAX_VALUE
295                                     : truckPosition.getSI() - carLength.getSI() - step;
296                     assertEquals("Headway on lane " + laneIndex + " should be " + expectedReverseHeadway,
297                             expectedReverseHeadway, actualReverseHeadway, 0.001);
298                     followerGtuId = follower.getId();
299                     if (laneIndex >= laneRank && laneIndex <= laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1
300                             && step + carLength.getSI() < truckPosition.getSI())
301                     {
302                         assertEquals("Follower id should be the car id", car, followerGtuId);
303                     }
304                     else
305                     {
306                         assertEquals("Follower id should be null", null, followerGtuId);
307                     }
308                 }
309                 Collection<Headway> leftParallel = truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception()
310                         .getPerceptionCategory(DefaultSimplePerception.class).getParallelHeadwaysLeft();
311                 int expectedLeftSize = laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1 < truckFromLane - 1 || laneRank >= truckUpToLane
312                         || step + carLength.getSI() <= truckPosition.getSI()
313                         || step > truckPosition.getSI() + truckLength.getSI() ? 0 : 1;
314                 // This one caught a complex bug
315                 assertEquals("Left parallel set size should be " + expectedLeftSize, expectedLeftSize, leftParallel.size());
316                 boolean foundCar = false;
317                 for (Headway hw : leftParallel)
318                 {
319                     if (car.getId().equals(hw.getId()))
320                     {
321                         foundCar = true;
322                         break;
323                     }
324                 }
325                 assertTrue("car was not found in rightParallel", foundCar);
326                 Collection<Headway> rightParallel = truck.getTacticalPlanner().getPerception()
327                         .getPerceptionCategory(DefaultSimplePerception.class).getParallelHeadwaysRight();
328                 int expectedRightSize = laneRank + carLanesCovered - 1 <= truckFromLane || laneRank > truckUpToLane + 1
329                         || step + carLength.getSI() < truckPosition.getSI()
330                         || step > truckPosition.getSI() + truckLength.getSI() ? 0 : 1;
331                 assertEquals("Right parallel set size should be " + expectedRightSize, expectedRightSize, rightParallel.size());
332                 foundCar = false;
333                 for (Headway hw : rightParallel)
334                 {
335                     if (car.getId().equals(hw.getId()))
336                     {
337                         foundCar = true;
338                         break;
339                     }
340                 }
341                 assertTrue("car was not found in rightParallel", foundCar);
342                 for (DirectedLanePosition pos : carPositions)
343                 {
344                     pos.getLane().removeGTU(car, true, pos.getPosition());
345                 }
346             }
347         }
348     }
349 
350     /**
351      * Test the leader, follower and parallel methods.
352      * @throws Exception when something goes wrong (should not happen)
353      */
354     @Test
355     public void leaderFollowerAndParallelTest() throws Exception
356     {
357         // leaderFollowerParallel(2, 2, 1);
358         // leaderFollowerParallel(2, 3, 1);
359         // leaderFollowerParallel(2, 2, 2);
360         // leaderFollowerParallel(2, 3, 2);
361     }
362 
363     /**
364      * Test the deltaTimeForDistance and timeAtDistance methods.
365      * @throws Exception when something goes wrong (should not happen)
366      */
367     @Test
368     public void timeAtDistanceTest() throws Exception
369     {
370         for (int a = 1; a >= -1; a--)
371         {
372             this.network = new OTSNetwork("test"); // new network every time, otherwise nodes cannot be added again
373             // Create a car with constant acceleration
374             OTSModelInterface model = new Model();
375             SimpleSimulator simulator =
376                     new SimpleSimulator(new Time(0.0, SECOND), new Duration(0.0, SECOND), new Duration(3600.0, SECOND), model);
377             // Run the simulator clock to some non-zero value
378             simulator.runUpTo(new Time(60, SECOND));
379             while (simulator.isRunning())
380             {
381                 try
382                 {
383                     Thread.sleep(1);
384                 }
385                 catch (InterruptedException ie)
386                 {
387                     ie = null; // ignore
388                 }
389             }
390             GTUType carType = CAR;
391             Set<GTUType> compatibility = new HashSet<GTUType>();
392             compatibility.add(carType);
393             LaneType laneType = new LaneType("CarLane", compatibility);
394             OTSNode fromNode = new OTSNode(this.network, "Node A", new OTSPoint3D(0, 0, 0));
395             OTSNode toNode = new OTSNode(this.network, "Node B", new OTSPoint3D(1000, 0, 0));
396             String linkName = "AB";
397             Lane lane = LaneFactory.makeMultiLane(this.network, linkName, fromNode, toNode, null, 1, laneType,
398                     new Speed(200, KM_PER_HOUR), simulator, LongitudinalDirectionality.DIR_PLUS)[0];
399             Length carPosition = new Length(100, METER);
400             Set<DirectedLanePosition> carPositions = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
401             carPositions.add(new DirectedLanePosition(lane, carPosition, GTUDirectionality.DIR_PLUS));
402             Speed carSpeed = new Speed(10, METER_PER_SECOND);
403             Acceleration acceleration = new Acceleration(a, METER_PER_SECOND_2);
404             FixedAccelerationModel fam = new FixedAccelerationModel(acceleration, new Duration(10, SECOND));
405             LaneChangeModel laneChangeModel = new FixedLaneChangeModel(null);
406             Speed maximumSpeed = new Speed(200, KM_PER_HOUR);
407             BehavioralCharacteristics behavioralCharacteristics = DefaultTestParameters.create();
408 
409             LaneBasedIndividualGTU car = new LaneBasedIndividualGTU("Car" + this.idGenerator.nextId(), carType,
410                     new Length(4, METER), new Length(1.8, METER), maximumSpeed, simulator, this.network);
411             LaneBasedStrategicalPlanner strategicalPlanner = new LaneBasedStrategicalRoutePlanner(behavioralCharacteristics,
412                     new LaneBasedCFLCTacticalPlanner(fam, laneChangeModel, car), car);
413             car.init(strategicalPlanner, carPositions, carSpeed);
414             // Let the simulator execute the move method of the car
415             simulator.runUpTo(new Time(61, SECOND));
416             while (simulator.isRunning())
417             {
418                 try
419                 {
420                     Thread.sleep(1);
421                 }
422                 catch (InterruptedException ie)
423                 {
424                     ie = null; // ignore
425                 }
426             }
427 
428             // System.out.println("acceleration is " + acceleration);
429             // Check the results
430             for (int timeStep = 1; timeStep < 100; timeStep++)
431             {
432                 double deltaTime = 0.1 * timeStep;
433                 double distanceAtTime = carSpeed.getSI() * deltaTime + 0.5 * acceleration.getSI() * deltaTime * deltaTime;
434                 // System.out.println(String.format("time %.1fs, distance %.3fm", 60 + deltaTime, carPosition.getSI()
435                 // + distanceAtTime));
436                 // System.out.println("Expected differential distance " + distanceAtTime);
437                 /*-
438                 assertEquals("It should take " + deltaTime + " seconds to cover distance " + distanceAtTime, deltaTime, car
439                         .deltaTimeForDistance(new Length(distanceAtTime, METER)).getSI(), 0.0001);
440                 assertEquals("Car should reach distance " + distanceAtTime + " at " + (deltaTime + 60), deltaTime + 60, car
441                         .timeAtDistance(new Length(distanceAtTime, METER)).getSI(), 0.0001);
442                  */
443             }
444         }
445     }
446 
447     /**
448      * Executed as scheduled event.
449      */
450     public final void autoPauseSimulator()
451     {
452         // do nothing
453     }
454 
455     /**
456      * Create the Map that records in which lane a GTU is registered.
457      * @param totalLongitudinalPosition Length; the front position of the GTU from the start of the chain of Links
458      * @param gtuLength Length; the length of the GTU
459      * @param links ArrayList&lt;CrossSectionLink&lt;?,?&gt;&gt;; the list of Links
460      * @param fromLaneRank int; lowest rank of lanes that the GTU must be registered on (0-based)
461      * @param uptoLaneRank int; highest rank of lanes that the GTU must be registered on (0-based)
462      * @return the Set of the LanePositions that the GTU is registered on
463      */
464     private Set<DirectedLanePosition> buildPositionsSet(Length totalLongitudinalPosition, Length gtuLength,
465             ArrayList<CrossSectionLink> links, int fromLaneRank, int uptoLaneRank)
466     {
467         Set<DirectedLanePosition> result = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
468         double cumulativeLength = 0;
469         for (CrossSectionLink link : links)
470         {
471             double linkLength = link.getLength().getSI();
472             double frontPositionInLink = totalLongitudinalPosition.getSI() - cumulativeLength + gtuLength.getSI();
473             double rearPositionInLink = frontPositionInLink - gtuLength.getSI();
474             double linkEnd = cumulativeLength + linkLength;
475             // System.out.println("cumulativeLength: " + cumulativeLength + ", linkEnd: " + linkEnd + ", frontpos: "
476             // + frontPositionInLink + ", rearpos: " + rearPositionInLink);
477             if (rearPositionInLink < linkLength && frontPositionInLink >= 0)
478             {
479                 // Some part of the GTU is in this Link
480                 for (int laneRank = fromLaneRank; laneRank <= uptoLaneRank; laneRank++)
481                 {
482                     Lane lane = getNthLane(link, laneRank);
483                     if (null == lane)
484                     {
485                         fail("Error in test; canot find lane with rank " + laneRank);
486                     }
487                     try
488                     {
489                         result.add(new DirectedLanePosition(lane, new Length(rearPositionInLink, METER),
490                                 GTUDirectionality.DIR_PLUS));
491                     }
492                     catch (GTUException exception)
493                     {
494                         fail("Error in test; DirectedLanePosition for lane " + lane);
495                     }
496                 }
497             }
498             cumulativeLength += linkLength;
499         }
500         return result;
501     }
502 
503     /**
504      * Find the Nth Lane on a Link.
505      * @param link Link; the Link
506      * @param rank int; the zero-based rank of the Lane to return
507      * @return Lane
508      */
509     private Lane getNthLane(final CrossSectionLink link, int rank)
510     {
511         for (CrossSectionElement cse : link.getCrossSectionElementList())
512         {
513             if (cse instanceof Lane)
514             {
515                 if (0 == rank--)
516                 {
517                     return (Lane) cse;
518                 }
519             }
520         }
521         return null;
522     }
523 }
524 
525 /** */
526 class Model implements OTSModelInterface
527 {
528 
529     /** */
530     private static final long serialVersionUID = 20150127L;
531 
532     /** {@inheritDoc} */
533     @Override
534     public void constructModel(SimulatorInterface<Time, Duration, OTSSimTimeDouble> simulator) throws SimRuntimeException
535     {
536         // Dummy
537     }
538 
539     /** {@inheritDoc} */
540     @Override
541     public SimulatorInterface<Time, Duration, OTSSimTimeDouble> getSimulator()
542 
543     {
544         return null;
545     }
546 
547     /** {@inheritDoc} */
548     @Override
549     public OTSNetwork getNetwork()
550     {
551         return null;
552     }
553 
554 }