View Javadoc
1   package org.opentrafficsim.core.geometry;
2   
3   import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
4   import java.util.ArrayList;
5   import java.util.List;
6   
7   import org.opentrafficsim.base.logger.Cat;
8   import org.opentrafficsim.core.network.NetworkException;
9   
10  import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Coordinate;
11  import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Geometry;
12  import com.vividsolutions.jts.linearref.LengthIndexedLine;
13  import com.vividsolutions.jts.operation.buffer.BufferParameters;
14  
15  import nl.tudelft.simulation.dsol.logger.SimLogger;
16  
17  /**
18   * <p>
19   * Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5, 2600 AA, Delft, the Netherlands. All rights reserved. <br>
20   * BSD-style license. See <a href="http://opentrafficsim.org/docs/license.html">OpenTrafficSim License</a>.
21   * <p>
22   * $LastChangedDate: 2015-07-16 10:20:53 +0200 (Thu, 16 Jul 2015) $, @version $Revision: 1124 $, by $Author: pknoppers $,
23   * initial version Jul 22, 2015 <br>
24   * @author <a href="http://www.tbm.tudelft.nl/averbraeck">Alexander Verbraeck</a>
25   * @author <a href="http://www.tudelft.nl/pknoppers">Peter Knoppers</a>
26   */
27  public final class OTSBufferingJTS
28  {
29      /** Precision of buffer operations. */
30      private static final int QUADRANTSEGMENTS = 16;
31  
32      /**
33       * 
34       */
35      private OTSBufferingJTS()
36      {
37          // cannot be instantiated.
38      }
39  
40      /**
41       * normalize an angle between 0 and 2 * PI.
42       * @param angle double; original angle.
43       * @return angle between 0 and 2 * PI.
44       */
45      private static double norm(final double angle)
46      {
47          double normalized = angle % (2 * Math.PI);
48          if (normalized < 0.0)
49          {
50              normalized += 2 * Math.PI;
51          }
52          return normalized;
53      }
54  
55      /**
56       * @param c1 Coordinate; first coordinate
57       * @param c2 Coordinate; second coordinate
58       * @return the normalized angle of the line between c1 and c2
59       */
60      private static double angle(final Coordinate c1, final Coordinate c2)
61      {
62          return norm(Math.atan2(c2.y - c1.y, c2.x - c1.x));
63      }
64  
65      /**
66       * Compute the distance of a line segment to a point. If the the projected points lies outside the line segment, the nearest
67       * end point of the line segment is returned. Otherwise the point return lies between the end points of the line segment.
68       * <br>
69       * Adapted from <a href="http://paulbourke.net/geometry/pointlineplane/DistancePoint.java"> example code provided by Paul
70       * Bourke</a>.
71       * @param lineP1 OTSPoint3D; start of line segment
72       * @param lineP2 OTSPoint3D; end of line segment
73       * @param point OTSPoint3D; Point to project onto the line segment
74       * @return double; the distance of the projected point or one of the end points of the line segment to the point
75       */
76      public static double distanceLineSegmentToPoint(final OTSPoint3D lineP1, final OTSPoint3D lineP2, final OTSPoint3D point)
77      {
78          return closestPointOnSegmentToPoint(lineP1, lineP2, point).distanceSI(point);
79      }
80  
81      /**
82       * Project a point on a line (2D). If the the projected points lies outside the line segment, the nearest end point of the
83       * line segment is returned. Otherwise the point return lies between the end points of the line segment. <br>
84       * Adapted from <a href="http://paulbourke.net/geometry/pointlineplane/DistancePoint.java"> example code provided by Paul
85       * Bourke</a>.
86       * @param lineP1 OTSPoint3D; start of line segment
87       * @param lineP2 OTSPoint3D; end of line segment
88       * @param point OTSPoint3D; Point to project onto the line segment
89       * @return Point2D.Double; either <cite>lineP1</cite>, or <cite>lineP2</cite> or a new OTSPoint3D that lies somewhere in
90       *         between those two
91       */
92      public static OTSPoint3D closestPointOnSegmentToPoint(final OTSPoint3D lineP1, final OTSPoint3D lineP2,
93              final OTSPoint3D point)
94      {
95          double dX = lineP2.x - lineP1.x;
96          double dY = lineP2.y - lineP1.y;
97          if ((0 == dX) && (0 == dY))
98          {
99              return lineP1;
100         }
101         final double u = ((point.x - lineP1.x) * dX + (point.y - lineP1.y) * dY) / (dX * dX + dY * dY);
102         if (u < 0)
103         {
104             return lineP1;
105         }
106         else if (u > 1)
107         {
108             return lineP2;
109         }
110         else
111         {
112             return new OTSPoint3D(lineP1.x + u * dX, lineP1.y + u * dY); // could use interpolate in stead
113         }
114     }
115 
116     /**
117      * Construct parallel line without.
118      * @param referenceLine OTSLine3D; the reference line
119      * @param offset double; offset distance from the reference line; positive is LEFT, negative is RIGHT
120      * @return OTSLine3D; the line that has the specified offset from the reference line
121      */
122     public static OTSLine3D offsetLine(final OTSLine3D referenceLine, final double offset)
123     {
124         try
125         {
126             double bufferOffset = Math.abs(offset);
127             final double precision = 0.00001;
128             if (bufferOffset < precision)
129             {
130                 return referenceLine; // It is immutable; so we can safely return the original
131             }
132             final double circlePrecision = 0.001;
133             List<OTSPoint3D> points = new ArrayList<>();
134             // Make good use of the fact that an OTSLine3D cannot have consecutive duplicate points and has > 1 points
135             OTSPoint3D prevPoint = referenceLine.get(0);
136             Double prevAngle = null;
137             for (int index = 0; index < referenceLine.size() - 1; index++)
138             {
139                 OTSPoint3D nextPoint = referenceLine.get(index + 1);
140                 double angle = Math.atan2(nextPoint.y - prevPoint.y, nextPoint.x - prevPoint.x);
141                 OTSPoint3D segmentFrom =
142                         new OTSPoint3D(prevPoint.x - Math.sin(angle) * offset, prevPoint.y + Math.cos(angle) * offset);
143                 OTSPoint3D segmentTo =
144                         new OTSPoint3D(nextPoint.x - Math.sin(angle) * offset, nextPoint.y + Math.cos(angle) * offset);
145                 if (index > 0)
146                 {
147                     double deltaAngle = angle - prevAngle;
148                     if (Math.abs(deltaAngle) > Math.PI)
149                     {
150                         deltaAngle -= Math.signum(deltaAngle) * 2 * Math.PI;
151                     }
152                     if (deltaAngle * offset > 0)
153                     {
154                         // Inside of curve of reference line.
155                         // Add the intersection point of each previous segment and the next segment
156                         OTSPoint3D pPoint = null;
157                         for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++)
158                         {
159                             OTSPoint3D p = points.get(i);
160                             if (Double.isNaN(p.z))
161                             {
162                                 continue; // skip this one
163                             }
164                             if (null != pPoint)
165                             {
166                                 double pAngle = Math.atan2(p.y - pPoint.y, p.x - pPoint.x);
167                                 double totalAngle = angle - pAngle;
168                                 if (Math.abs(totalAngle) > Math.PI)
169                                 {
170                                     totalAngle += Math.signum(totalAngle) * 2 * Math.PI;
171                                 }
172                                 if (Math.abs(totalAngle) > 0.01)
173                                 {
174                                     // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, "preceding segment " + pPoint + " to " + p + ", this segment "
175                                     // + segmentFrom + " to " + segmentTo + " totalAngle " + totalAngle);
176                                     OTSPoint3D intermediatePoint =
177                                             intersectionOfLineSegments(pPoint, p, segmentFrom, segmentTo);
178                                     if (null != intermediatePoint)
179                                     {
180                                         // mark it as added point at inside corner
181                                         intermediatePoint =
182                                                 new OTSPoint3D(intermediatePoint.x, intermediatePoint.y, Double.NaN);
183                                         // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, "Inserting intersection of preceding segment and this "
184                                         // + "segment " + intermediatePoint);
185                                         points.add(intermediatePoint);
186                                     }
187                                 }
188                             }
189                             pPoint = p;
190                         }
191                     }
192                     else
193                     {
194                         // Outside of curve of reference line
195                         // Approximate an arc using straight segments.
196                         // Determine how many segments are needed.
197                         int numSegments = 1;
198                         if (Math.abs(deltaAngle) > Math.PI / 2)
199                         {
200                             numSegments = 2;
201                         }
202                         for (; numSegments < 1000; numSegments *= 2)
203                         {
204                             double maxError = bufferOffset * (1 - Math.abs(Math.cos(deltaAngle / numSegments / 2)));
205                             if (maxError < circlePrecision)
206                             {
207                                 break; // required precision reached
208                             }
209                         }
210                         // Generate the intermediate points
211                         for (int additionalPoint = 1; additionalPoint < numSegments; additionalPoint++)
212                         {
213                             double intermediateAngle =
214                                     (additionalPoint * angle + (numSegments - additionalPoint) * prevAngle) / numSegments;
215                             if (prevAngle * angle < 0 && Math.abs(prevAngle) > Math.PI / 2 && Math.abs(angle) > Math.PI / 2)
216                             {
217                                 intermediateAngle += Math.PI;
218                             }
219                             OTSPoint3D intermediatePoint = new OTSPoint3D(prevPoint.x - Math.sin(intermediateAngle) * offset,
220                                     prevPoint.y + Math.cos(intermediateAngle) * offset);
221                             // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, "inserting intermediate point " + intermediatePoint + " for angle "
222                             // + Math.toDegrees(intermediateAngle));
223                             points.add(intermediatePoint);
224                         }
225                     }
226                 }
227                 points.add(segmentFrom);
228                 points.add(segmentTo);
229                 prevPoint = nextPoint;
230                 prevAngle = angle;
231             }
232             // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, OTSGeometry.printCoordinates("#before cleanup: \nc0,0,0\n#", new OTSLine3D(points), "\n
233             // "));
234             // Remove points that are closer than the specified offset
235             for (int index = 1; index < points.size() - 1; index++)
236             {
237                 OTSPoint3D checkPoint = points.get(index);
238                 prevPoint = null;
239                 boolean tooClose = false;
240                 boolean somewhereAtCorrectDistance = false;
241                 for (int i = 0; i < referenceLine.size(); i++)
242                 {
243                     OTSPoint3D p = referenceLine.get(i);
244                     if (null != prevPoint)
245                     {
246                         OTSPoint3D closestPoint = closestPointOnSegmentToPoint(prevPoint, p, checkPoint);
247                         if (closestPoint != referenceLine.get(0) && closestPoint != referenceLine.get(referenceLine.size() - 1))
248                         {
249                             double distance = closestPoint.horizontalDistanceSI(checkPoint);
250                             if (distance < bufferOffset - circlePrecision)
251                             {
252                                 // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, "point " + checkPoint + " inside buffer (distance is " + distance +
253                                 // ")");
254                                 tooClose = true;
255                                 break;
256                             }
257                             else if (distance < bufferOffset + precision)
258                             {
259                                 somewhereAtCorrectDistance = true;
260                             }
261                         }
262                     }
263                     prevPoint = p;
264                 }
265                 if (tooClose || !somewhereAtCorrectDistance)
266                 {
267                     // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, "Removing " + checkPoint);
268                     points.remove(index);
269                     index--;
270                 }
271             }
272             // Fix the z-coordinate of all points that were added as intersections of segments.
273             for (int index = 0; index < points.size(); index++)
274             {
275                 OTSPoint3D p = points.get(index);
276                 if (Double.isNaN(p.z))
277                 {
278                     points.set(index, new OTSPoint3D(p.x, p.y, 0));
279                 }
280             }
281             return OTSLine3D.createAndCleanOTSLine3D(points);
282         }
283         catch (OTSGeometryException exception)
284         {
285             SimLogger.always().error(exception, "Exception in offsetLine - should never happen");
286             return null;
287         }
288     }
289 
290     /**
291      * Compute the 2D intersection of two line segments. Both line segments are defined by two points (that should be distinct).
292      * @param line1P1 OTSPoint3D; first point of line 1
293      * @param line1P2 OTSPoint3D; second point of line 1
294      * @param line2P1 OTSPoint3D; first point of line 2
295      * @param line2P2 OTSPoint3D; second point of line 2
296      * @return OTSPoint3D; the intersection of the two lines, or null if the lines are (almost) parallel, or do not intersect
297      */
298     private static OTSPoint3D intersectionOfLineSegments(final OTSPoint3D line1P1, final OTSPoint3D line1P2,
299             final OTSPoint3D line2P1, final OTSPoint3D line2P2)
300     {
301         double denominator =
302                 (line2P2.y - line2P1.y) * (line1P2.x - line1P1.x) - (line2P2.x - line2P1.x) * (line1P2.y - line1P1.y);
303         if (denominator == 0f)
304         {
305             return null; // lines are parallel (they might even be on top of each other, but we don't check that)
306         }
307         double uA = ((line2P2.x - line2P1.x) * (line1P1.y - line2P1.y) - (line2P2.y - line2P1.y) * (line1P1.x - line2P1.x))
308                 / denominator;
309         if ((uA < 0f) || (uA > 1f))
310         {
311             return null; // intersection outside line 1
312         }
313         double uB = ((line1P2.x - line1P1.x) * (line1P1.y - line2P1.y) - (line1P2.y - line1P1.y) * (line1P1.x - line2P1.x))
314                 / denominator;
315         if (uB < 0 || uB > 1)
316         {
317             return null; // intersection outside line 2
318         }
319         return new OTSPoint3D(line1P1.x + uA * (line1P2.x - line1P1.x), line1P1.y + uA * (line1P2.y - line1P1.y), 0);
320     }
321 
322     /**
323      * Generate a Geometry that has a fixed offset from a reference Geometry.
324      * @param referenceLine OTSLine3D; the reference line
325      * @param offset double; offset distance from the reference line; positive is LEFT, negative is RIGHT
326      * @return OTSLine3D; the line that has the specified offset from the reference line
327      * @throws OTSGeometryException on failure
328      */
329     @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:methodlength")
330     public static OTSLine3D offsetGeometryOLD(final OTSLine3D referenceLine, final double offset) throws OTSGeometryException
331     {
332         Coordinate[] referenceCoordinates = referenceLine.getCoordinates();
333         // printCoordinates("reference", referenceCoordinates);
334         double bufferOffset = Math.abs(offset);
335         final double precision = 0.000001;
336         if (bufferOffset < precision) // if this is not added, and offset = 1E-16: CRASH
337         {
338             // return a copy of the reference line
339             return new OTSLine3D(referenceCoordinates);
340         }
341         Geometry geometryLine = referenceLine.getLineString();
342         Coordinate[] bufferCoordinates =
343                 geometryLine.buffer(bufferOffset, QUADRANTSEGMENTS, BufferParameters.CAP_FLAT).getCoordinates();
344 
345         // Z coordinates may be NaN at this point
346 
347         // find the coordinate indices closest to the start point and end point,
348         // at a distance of approximately the offset
349         Coordinate sC0 = referenceCoordinates[0];
350         Coordinate sC1 = referenceCoordinates[1];
351         Coordinate eCm1 = referenceCoordinates[referenceCoordinates.length - 1];
352         Coordinate eCm2 = referenceCoordinates[referenceCoordinates.length - 2];
353 
354         double expectedStartAngle = norm(angle(sC0, sC1) + Math.signum(offset) * Math.PI / 2.0);
355         double expectedEndAngle = norm(angle(eCm2, eCm1) + Math.signum(offset) * Math.PI / 2.0);
356         Coordinate sExpected = new Coordinate(sC0.x + bufferOffset * Math.cos(expectedStartAngle),
357                 sC0.y + bufferOffset * Math.sin(expectedStartAngle));
358         Coordinate eExpected = new Coordinate(eCm1.x + bufferOffset * Math.cos(expectedEndAngle),
359                 eCm1.y + bufferOffset * Math.sin(expectedEndAngle));
360 
361         // which coordinates are closest to sExpected and eExpected?
362         double dS = Double.MAX_VALUE;
363         double dE = Double.MAX_VALUE;
364         int sIndex = -1;
365         int eIndex = -1;
366         for (int i = 0; i < bufferCoordinates.length; i++)
367         {
368             Coordinate c = bufferCoordinates[i];
369             double dsc = c.distance(sExpected);
370             double dec = c.distance(eExpected);
371             if (dsc < dS)
372             {
373                 dS = dsc;
374                 sIndex = i;
375             }
376             if (dec < dE)
377             {
378                 dE = dec;
379                 eIndex = i;
380             }
381         }
382 
383         if (sIndex == -1)
384         {
385             throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: startIndex not found for line " + referenceLine);
386         }
387         if (eIndex == -1)
388         {
389             throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: endIndex not found for line " + referenceLine);
390         }
391         if (dS > 0.01)
392         {
393             SimLogger.filter(Cat.CORE).trace(referenceLine.toExcel() + "\n\n\n\n" + new OTSLine3D(bufferCoordinates).toExcel()
394                     + "\n\n\n\n" + sExpected + "\n" + eExpected);
395             throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: startDistance too big (" + dS + ") for line " + referenceLine);
396         }
397         if (dE > 0.01)
398         {
399             throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: endDistance too big (" + dE + ") for line " + referenceLine);
400         }
401 
402         // try positive direction
403         boolean ok = true;
404         int i = sIndex;
405         Coordinate lastC = null;
406         List<OTSPoint3D> result = new ArrayList<>();
407         while (ok)
408         {
409             Coordinate c = bufferCoordinates[i];
410             if (lastC != null && close(c, lastC, sC0, eCm1))
411             {
412                 ok = false;
413                 break;
414             }
415             result.add(new OTSPoint3D(c));
416             if (i == eIndex)
417             {
418                 return OTSLine3D.createAndCleanOTSLine3D(result);
419             }
420             i = (i == bufferCoordinates.length - 1) ? 0 : i + 1;
421             lastC = c;
422         }
423 
424         // try negative direction
425         ok = true;
426         i = sIndex;
427         lastC = null;
428         result = new ArrayList<>();
429         while (ok)
430         {
431             Coordinate c = bufferCoordinates[i];
432             if (lastC != null && close(c, lastC, sC0, eCm1))
433             {
434                 ok = false;
435                 break;
436             }
437             result.add(new OTSPoint3D(c));
438             if (i == eIndex)
439             {
440                 return OTSLine3D.createAndCleanOTSLine3D(result);
441             }
442             i = (i == 0) ? bufferCoordinates.length - 1 : i - 1;
443             lastC = c;
444         }
445 
446         /*- SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, referenceLine.toExcel() + "\n\n\n\n" + new OTSLine3D(bufferCoordinates).toExcel()
447             + "\n\n\n\n" + sExpected + "\n" + eExpected); */
448         throw new OTSGeometryException("offsetGeometry: could not find offset in either direction for line " + referenceLine);
449     }
450 
451     /**
452      * Check if the points check[] are close to the line [lineC1..LineC2].
453      * @param lineC1 Coordinate; first point of the line
454      * @param lineC2 Coordinate; second point of the line
455      * @param check Coordinate...; the coordinates to check
456      * @return whether one of the points to check is close to the line.
457      */
458     private static boolean close(final Coordinate lineC1, final Coordinate lineC2, final Coordinate... check)
459     {
460         Line2D.Double line = new Line2D.Double(lineC1.x, lineC1.y, lineC2.x, lineC2.y);
461         for (Coordinate c : check)
462         {
463             if (line.ptSegDist(c.x, c.y) < 0.01)
464             {
465                 return true;
466             }
467         }
468         return false;
469     }
470 
471     /**
472      * Create a line at linearly varying offset from a reference line. The offset may change linearly from its initial value at
473      * the start of the reference line to its final offset value at the end of the reference line.
474      * @param referenceLine OTSLine3D; the Geometry of the reference line
475      * @param offsetAtStart double; offset at the start of the reference line (positive value is Left, negative value is Right)
476      * @param offsetAtEnd double; offset at the end of the reference line (positive value is Left, negative value is Right)
477      * @return Geometry; the Geometry of the line at linearly changing offset of the reference line
478      * @throws OTSGeometryException when this method fails to create the offset line
479      */
480     public static OTSLine3D offsetLine(final OTSLine3D referenceLine, final double offsetAtStart, final double offsetAtEnd)
481             throws OTSGeometryException
482     {
483         // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, OTSGeometry.printCoordinates("#referenceLine: \nc1,0,0\n# offset at start is " +
484         // offsetAtStart + " at end is " + offsetAtEnd + "\n#", referenceLine, "\n "));
485 
486         OTSLine3D offsetLineAtStart = offsetLine(referenceLine, offsetAtStart);
487         if (offsetAtStart == offsetAtEnd)
488         {
489             return offsetLineAtStart; // offset does not change
490         }
491         // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, OTSGeometry.printCoordinates("#offset line at start: \nc0,0,0\n#", offsetLineAtStart,
492         // "\n"));
493         OTSLine3D offsetLineAtEnd = offsetLine(referenceLine, offsetAtEnd);
494         // SimLogger.trace(Cat.CORE, OTSGeometry.printCoordinates("#offset line at end: \nc0.7,0.7,0.7\n#", offsetLineAtEnd,
495         // "\n"));
496         Geometry startGeometry = offsetLineAtStart.getLineString();
497         Geometry endGeometry = offsetLineAtEnd.getLineString();
498         LengthIndexedLine first = new LengthIndexedLine(startGeometry);
499         double firstLength = startGeometry.getLength();
500         LengthIndexedLine second = new LengthIndexedLine(endGeometry);
501         double secondLength = endGeometry.getLength();
502         ArrayList<Coordinate> out = new ArrayList<Coordinate>();
503         Coordinate[] firstCoordinates = startGeometry.getCoordinates();
504         Coordinate[] secondCoordinates = endGeometry.getCoordinates();
505         int firstIndex = 0;
506         int secondIndex = 0;
507         Coordinate prevCoordinate = null;
508         final double tooClose = 0.05; // 5 cm
509         while (firstIndex < firstCoordinates.length && secondIndex < secondCoordinates.length)
510         {
511             double firstRatio = firstIndex < firstCoordinates.length ? first.indexOf(firstCoordinates[firstIndex]) / firstLength
512                     : Double.MAX_VALUE;
513             double secondRatio = secondIndex < secondCoordinates.length
514                     ? second.indexOf(secondCoordinates[secondIndex]) / secondLength : Double.MAX_VALUE;
515             double ratio;
516             if (firstRatio < secondRatio)
517             {
518                 ratio = firstRatio;
519                 firstIndex++;
520             }
521             else
522             {
523                 ratio = secondRatio;
524                 secondIndex++;
525             }
526             Coordinate firstCoordinate = first.extractPoint(ratio * firstLength);
527             Coordinate secondCoordinate = second.extractPoint(ratio * secondLength);
528             Coordinate resultCoordinate = new Coordinate((1 - ratio) * firstCoordinate.x + ratio * secondCoordinate.x,
529                     (1 - ratio) * firstCoordinate.y + ratio * secondCoordinate.y);
530             if (null == prevCoordinate || resultCoordinate.distance(prevCoordinate) > tooClose)
531             {
532                 out.add(resultCoordinate);
533                 prevCoordinate = resultCoordinate;
534             }
535         }
536         Coordinate[] resultCoordinates = new Coordinate[out.size()];
537         for (int index = 0; index < out.size(); index++)
538         {
539             resultCoordinates[index] = out.get(index);
540         }
541         return new OTSLine3D(resultCoordinates);
542     }
543 
544     /**
545      * @param args String[]; args
546      * @throws NetworkException on error
547      * @throws OTSGeometryException on error
548      */
549     public static void main(final String[] args) throws NetworkException, OTSGeometryException
550     {
551         // OTSLine3D line =
552         // new OTSLine3D(new OTSPoint3D[]{new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.157, 1.568),
553         // new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.177, 1.568)});
554         // double offset = 4.83899987;
555         // System.out.println(OTSBufferingOLD.offsetGeometryOLD(line, offset));
556         OTSLine3D line = new OTSLine3D(new OTSPoint3D[] { new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.157, 4.710),
557                 new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.144, 4.712), new OTSPoint3D(-579.253, 60.144, 0.000),
558                 new OTSPoint3D(-579.251, 60.044, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.246, 59.944, 0.000),
559                 new OTSPoint3D(-579.236, 59.845, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.223, 59.746, 0.000),
560                 new OTSPoint3D(-579.206, 59.647, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.185, 59.549, 0.000),
561                 new OTSPoint3D(-579.161, 59.452, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.133, 59.356, 0.000),
562                 new OTSPoint3D(-579.101, 59.261, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-579.066, 59.168, 0.000),
563                 new OTSPoint3D(-579.028, 59.075, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.986, 58.985, 0.000),
564                 new OTSPoint3D(-578.940, 58.896, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.891, 58.809, 0.000),
565                 new OTSPoint3D(-578.839, 58.723, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.784, 58.640, 0.000),
566                 new OTSPoint3D(-578.725, 58.559, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.664, 58.480, 0.000),
567                 new OTSPoint3D(-578.599, 58.403, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.532, 58.329, 0.000),
568                 new OTSPoint3D(-578.462, 58.258, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.390, 58.189, 0.000),
569                 new OTSPoint3D(-578.314, 58.123, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.237, 58.060, 0.000),
570                 new OTSPoint3D(-578.157, 58.000, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-578.075, 57.943, 0.000),
571                 new OTSPoint3D(-577.990, 57.889, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.904, 57.839, 0.000),
572                 new OTSPoint3D(-577.816, 57.791, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.726, 57.747, 0.000),
573                 new OTSPoint3D(-577.635, 57.707, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.542, 57.670, 0.000),
574                 new OTSPoint3D(-577.448, 57.636, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.352, 57.606, 0.000),
575                 new OTSPoint3D(-577.256, 57.580, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-577.159, 57.557, 0.000),
576                 new OTSPoint3D(-577.060, 57.538, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-576.962, 57.523, 0.000),
577                 new OTSPoint3D(-576.862, 57.512, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-576.763, 57.504, 0.000),
578                 new OTSPoint3D(-576.663, 57.500, 0.000), new OTSPoint3D(-576.623, 57.500, 6.278),
579                 new OTSPoint3D(-576.610, 57.500, 6.280), new OTSPoint3D(-567.499, 57.473, 6.280) });
580         System.out.println(line.toExcel());
581         System.out.println(OTSBufferingJTS.offsetGeometryOLD(line, -1.831));
582     }
583 }